Which of the following terms means "a person without specialized knowledge"?

The term that means "a person without specialized knowledge" is indeed "layman." This word is commonly used to refer to someone who does not have expertise in a particular field or subject. A layman typically lacks the technical or professional understanding that professionals or specialists in that area possess.

In contrast, the other terms have different connotations. An "expert" is someone who has extensive knowledge or skills in a specific area, which is the opposite of what is described in the question. A "novice" refers to someone who is new to a particular activity or field and is still in the process of gaining experience and knowledge, but they may still have some level of training or understanding. An "amateur" generally refers to someone who engages in a particular activity for pleasure rather than professionally, which can imply a lack of skill but does not specifically denote a complete absence of specialized knowledge.

Thus, "layman" is the most fitting term for describing someone without specialized knowledge.